Academic Writing Task 1 · line graph

A line graph illustrating US waste recycling trends from 1960 to 2011: IELTS Writing Task 1 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 1 line graph question with a Band 8 sample answer, the chart redrawn with its data, the vocabulary that lifts the report and how to write about line graphs.
  • 188 words
  • Line graphs
  • Academic
  • 20 minutes

The question

The graph below shows waste recycling rates in the U.S. from 1960 to 2011.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

National Recycling Rates, 1960 to 2011 (million tons and percentage)
020406080100196019701980199020002011
  • Total Waste Recovery (million tons)
  • Percent Recycling
View the data
19601965197019751980198519901995200020052011
Total Waste Recovery (million tons)5.66.589.314.516.733.255.869.579.886.9
Percent Recycling6.46.26.67.39.610.11625.728.531.434.7

Chart redrawn by BandLadder from the data in the original IELTS practice task. Many IELTS practice tasks come from the Cambridge IELTS series (Cambridge University Press & Assessment); all rights in the original tasks remain with their owners.

Model answer

Band 8 sample answer

Band 8188 words. Every figure in the answer comes from the chart above.

The line graph illustrates the changes in US waste recycling practices between 1960 and 2011, measuring both the total volume of waste recovered in million tons and the percentage of waste recycled.

Overall, both metrics followed a consistent upward trajectory over the 51-year period. While growth was relatively gradual during the first two decades, there was a marked acceleration in both the volume and the proportion of recycled waste from the mid-1980s onwards.

In 1960, only 5.6 million tons of waste were recovered, representing a recycling rate of 6.4%. These figures remained relatively stable for several years, with the recovery volume reaching 16.7 million tons and the rate hitting 10.1% by 1985. Following this, the data shows a sharp increase; by 1990, recovery had doubled to 33.2 million tons, with the rate climbing to 16.0%.

This rapid growth continued into the 21st century. By 2000, the total waste recovery reached 69.5 million tons, corresponding to a 28.5% recycling rate. By the end of the period in 2011, the US achieved a peak of 86.9 million tons of recovered waste, which accounted for 34.7% of the total waste generated.

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Line graphs

How to write about line graphs: tips and vocabulary

  • →Overview first: the overall direction of each line and which was highest.
  • →Group lines that move together instead of describing each one in turn.
  • →Give the start and end figures plus the peak or low point, not every value.
  • upward trajectory

    a path or line that is moving upwards

  • marked acceleration

    a noticeable and significant increase in speed

  • relatively stable

    showing little change over a period of time

  • corresponding to

    having a direct relationship or connection with something

  • accounted for

    constituted a particular amount or proportion of something

  • peak

    the highest point or level reached by something

Frequently asked questions

What should the overview say?+

Both the total tonnage of recovered waste and the overall recycling percentage experienced a consistent upward trend throughout the period, with particularly significant growth occurring after 1985.

How many words and how long for IELTS Writing Task 1?+

At least 150 words; 170 to 200 is the safe range. Spend about 20 minutes on it and leave 40 for Task 2, which carries twice the marks.

How is IELTS Writing Task 1 scored?+

On four criteria: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. A clear overview of the main features is what most separates Band 6 from Band 7 and above.

How do I describe line graphs?+

Overview first: the overall direction of each line and which was highest. Group lines that move together instead of describing each one in turn. Give the start and end figures plus the peak or low point, not every value.

Keep practising

More line graphs

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