Academic Writing Task 1 · pie chart

Proportion of consumer spending on various commodities in 1958 and 2008: IELTS Writing Task 1 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 1 pie chart question with a Band 8 sample answer, the chart redrawn with its data, the vocabulary that lifts the report and how to write about pie charts.
  • 176 words
  • Pie charts
  • Academic
  • 20 minutes

The question

The charts below show the proportion of people's total spending in a particular European country on different commodities and services in 1958 and 2008.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Sales in 1958
  • Housing: 22
  • Food: 32
  • Clothing: 18
  • Travel/transport: 8
  • Entertainment: 13
  • Luxury goods: 7
View the data
CategoryValue
Housing22
Food32
Clothing18
Travel/transport8
Entertainment13
Luxury goods7
Sales in 2008
  • Housing: 32
  • Food: 12
  • Clothing: 16
  • Travel/transport: 17
  • Entertainment: 6
  • Luxury goods: 17
View the data
CategoryValue
Housing32
Food12
Clothing16
Travel/transport17
Entertainment6
Luxury goods17

Chart redrawn by BandLadder from the data in the original IELTS practice task. Many IELTS practice tasks come from the Cambridge IELTS series (Cambridge University Press & Assessment); all rights in the original tasks remain with their owners.

Model answer

Band 8 sample answer

Band 8176 words. Every figure in the answer comes from the chart above.

The two pie charts illustrate how consumer spending patterns in a European country shifted between 1958 and 2008 across six categories. Overall, it is clear that while housing became the dominant expense by the end of the period, food consumption saw a dramatic reduction in its share of total expenditure.

In 1958, food was the primary expense, accounting for 32% of total sales, followed by housing at 22% and clothing at 18%. Entertainment and travel/transport represented 13% and 8% respectively, while luxury goods comprised the smallest portion at 7%. By 2008, the landscape had changed significantly. Housing expenditure increased by 10 percentage points to reach 32%, matching the original proportion of food spending. Conversely, food spending plummeted to 12%.

Other notable shifts include the rise of luxury goods and travel/transport, which both more than doubled to reach 17% each by 2008. In contrast, the proportion of income allocated to entertainment more than halved, falling from 13% to just 6%. Clothing remained relatively stable, experiencing only a minor decrease from 18% to 16% over the half-century period.

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Pie charts

How to write about pie charts: tips and vocabulary

  • →Name the largest and smallest shares in the overview.
  • →Use proportion language: a quarter, just under half, the majority.
  • →With two pies, compare the same slice across both.
  • account for

    to make up a specific portion of something

  • plummeted

    to fall or drop sharply in value quickly

  • proportion

    a part or share in relation to whole

  • expenditure

    the total amount of money spent by someone

  • halved

    to be reduced to exactly fifty percent

  • stable

    not likely to change or fluctuate significantly

Frequently asked questions

What should the overview say?+

The most significant changes over the fifty-year period were the substantial rise in spending on housing and luxury goods, contrasted with a sharp decline in expenditure on food and entertainment.

How many words and how long for IELTS Writing Task 1?+

At least 150 words; 170 to 200 is the safe range. Spend about 20 minutes on it and leave 40 for Task 2, which carries twice the marks.

How is IELTS Writing Task 1 scored?+

On four criteria: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. A clear overview of the main features is what most separates Band 6 from Band 7 and above.

How do I describe pie charts?+

Name the largest and smallest shares in the overview. Use proportion language: a quarter, just under half, the majority. With two pies, compare the same slice across both.

Keep practising

More pie charts

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