Writing Task 2 · Problem and solution

Declining student interest in science: causes and consequences: IELTS Writing Task 2 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 2 problem and solution essay question with a Band 8 sample answer, the plan behind it, the vocabulary that lifts it and what an examiner looks for.
  • 299 words
  • Problem and solution
  • Academic
  • 40 minutes

The question

It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study science as a subject. What are the causes? And what will be the effects on society?

About 40 minutes. Write at least 250 words.

Problem and solution

Plan before you write

  1. 1

    Your position

    The lack of interest in science stems from its perceived difficulty and career instability, leading to significant societal stagnation and a shortage of experts.

  2. 2

    Paragraph 2

    The primary causes for this trend are the demanding nature of science curricula and the allure of more lucrative, less intensive professional fields.

  3. 3

    Paragraph 3

    The long-term effects of this decline include a weakened capacity for technological innovation and a deficiency in specialists required to tackle global challenges.

  • →Name one or two specific problems, not a general complaint.
  • →Match each solution to a problem and say who would carry it out.
  • →Keep problems and solutions in separate paragraphs so the structure is visible.

Model answer

Band 8 sample essay

Band 8299 words · use the structure and vocabulary, not the sentences

In many contemporary nations, a concerning trend has emerged where fewer students are opting for scientific disciplines. This essay will examine the underlying reasons for this reluctance and analyse the potential consequences for future generations.

The fundamental cause of this decline is the perception that science subjects are excessively arduous compared to humanities or social sciences. Many students feel deterred by the complex mathematical foundations and the rigorous laboratory hours required, which often necessitate a higher level of commitment than other degree paths. Furthermore, the perceived instability of research-based careers, coupled with the immediate financial rewards found in sectors like finance or marketing, drives many talented individuals away from scientific pursuits. For example, a student might choose a business degree over biology, fearing that the latter requires years of further postgraduate study before achieving professional security.

Regarding the impacts, a diminishing interest in science will inevitably lead to a shortfall in the innovation required to address pressing global issues. If the next generation lacks sufficient expertise in fields such as engineering, environmental science, and medical research, society will struggle to develop sustainable energy solutions or combat emerging health threats. A tangible example of this is the recent global crisis where nations with a strong pool of scientific talent were able to accelerate vaccine development, whereas those lacking such infrastructure faced prolonged difficulties. This reliance on scientific literacy is critical for maintaining a competitive and resilient economy in a rapidly evolving world.

In summary, the drift away from science is largely driven by the intimidating nature of the coursework and the lure of more accessible career alternatives. Unless this trend is reversed, society will face a stagnant future characterised by an inability to solve complex technical problems, highlighting the urgent need to make scientific education more engaging and professionally viable.

Examiner's view

Why this scores Band 8

This essay achieves Band 8 by addressing both parts of the prompt with logically developed arguments and precise, academic vocabulary. A Band 6 response often fails to provide specific examples or loses coherence by listing too many superficial points without sufficient explanation.

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8 words

Vocabulary from the essay

  • arduous

    involving or requiring strenuous effort and difficulty

  • deterred

    discouraged from doing something through doubt or fear

  • lucrative

    producing a great deal of financial profit

  • diminishing

    making or becoming less in size or importance

  • shortfall

    a deficit of something required or expected

  • tangible

    clear and definite enough to be easily seen

  • resilient

    able to withstand or recover quickly from difficulties

  • stagnant

    showing no activity or current or flow

More words for this topic: IELTS vocabulary for education.

Frequently asked questions

What type of essay is "Declining student interest in science: causes and consequences"?+

Problem and solution. Name one or two specific problems, not a general complaint.

How many words should an IELTS Writing Task 2 essay be?+

At least 250 words, in about 40 minutes. This sample is 299 words, written to fit that time with five minutes left to check grammar.

How is IELTS Writing Task 2 scored?+

On four criteria: task response, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 counts for twice as much as Task 1 in your Writing band.

What is the difference between a Band 6 and a Band 8 answer here?+

This essay achieves Band 8 by addressing both parts of the prompt with logically developed arguments and precise, academic vocabulary. A Band 6 response often fails to provide specific examples or loses coherence by listing too many superficial points without sufficient explanation.

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