PTE Academic Write Essay · Discussion (both views and your opinion)

Addressing Testimonial Injustice in Chronic Pain Clinical Practice

A high-scoring sample essay with the plan behind it, the vocabulary that lifts it, and what the scoring traits reward.
  • 269 words
  • Discussion (both views and your opinion)
  • advanced
  • 20 minutes

The prompt

Patients with chronic pain conditions frequently report that their suffering is dismissed by clinicians who cannot identify a clear biomedical cause, a phenomenon scholars describe as a form of testimonial injustice. Discuss both the view that clinical training should include epistemic justice frameworks and the view that evidence-based medicine already provides sufficient safeguards against diagnostic bias.

20 minutes. Write 200 to 300 words. A BandLadder practice prompt, not a recalled exam question.

Discussion (both views and your opinion)

Plan before you write

  1. 1

    Position

    While evidence-based medicine remains a cornerstone of clinical practice, integrating epistemic justice frameworks is essential to mitigate testimonial injustice for chronic pain patients.

  2. 2

    Paragraph 2

    Epistemic justice frameworks enhance patient-clinician rapport by validating subjective experiences that lack immediate biomedical markers.

  3. 3

    Paragraph 3

    Reliance solely on evidence-based medicine can inadvertently marginalize patients whose conditions elude traditional diagnostic tools.

  • →Give each view its own paragraph, explained fairly even where you disagree.
  • →Say where you stand in the introduction and again in the conclusion; the question asks for your opinion.
  • →Do not merge the two views into one paragraph; examiners look for both to be developed.

Model answer

Sample essay

High-scoring sample269 words. Use the structure and vocabulary, not the sentences: PTE flags memorised templates.

The dismissal of chronic pain by medical professionals, often termed testimonial injustice, represents a critical failure in patient care. This essay will examine the necessity of incorporating epistemic justice into medical training alongside the argument that existing evidence-based protocols are sufficient to ensure diagnostic neutrality.

Integrating epistemic justice frameworks into clinical education is vital for addressing the psychological burden of invisible illnesses. When clinicians are trained to recognize their own cognitive biases, they are more likely to validate the lived experience of patients suffering from conditions like fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome. For example, a curriculum emphasizing humble inquiry allows practitioners to view a patient’s subjective report as legitimate clinical data, thereby fostering a collaborative healing environment rather than a dismissive one.

Conversely, proponents of evidence-based medicine argue that rigid adherence to diagnostic markers provides necessary safeguards against subjective bias. They contend that clinical decisions must be anchored in empirical findings to prevent the misdiagnosis of complex symptoms. However, such an approach often fails when biomedical tests remain inconclusive. For instance, relying exclusively on MRI scans to determine the validity of chronic back pain frequently ignores the multifactorial nature of pain, leading to systemic neglect of those whose suffering does not correlate with imaging results.

In conclusion, while evidence-based medicine is fundamental to clinical safety, it is insufficient to address the complexities of chronic pain. Incorporating epistemic justice training is not an abandonment of science, but rather a necessary evolution that ensures all patients receive equitable care. By bridging the gap between objective data and subjective testimony, the medical profession can better serve the needs of marginalized pain populations.

Scoring traits

Why this scores well

This essay scores highly on linguistic range and formal register through the use of precise, field-specific terminology and complex sentence structures. A common mistake on this prompt is failing to address both sides of the argument, often resulting in a lower score for development and content.

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8 words

Vocabulary from the essay

  • Testimonial injustice

    The unfair dismissal of a person's spoken account.

  • Epistemic justice

    Fairness in the way knowledge and claims are treated.

  • Mitigate

    To make something less severe or harmful.

  • Empirical

    Based on observation or experience rather than theory.

  • Multifactorial

    Involving or dependent on many different factors.

  • Humble inquiry

    Asking questions to understand another person's perspective better.

  • Inconclusive

    Not leading to a firm conclusion or result.

  • Equitable

    Fair and impartial treatment for all people.

See also the Write Essay guide.

Frequently asked questions

How long should a PTE essay be?+

Between 200 and 300 words; outside that range the form score drops to zero. This sample is 269 words, written for the 20-minute limit.

What type of essay is this?+

Discussion (both views and your opinion). Give each view its own paragraph, explained fairly even where you disagree.

What does PTE reward in the essay?+

This essay scores highly on linguistic range and formal register through the use of precise, field-specific terminology and complex sentence structures. A common mistake on this prompt is failing to address both sides of the argument, often resulting in a lower score for development and content.

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