PTE Academic Write Essay · Opinion (agree or disagree)

Evaluating Near-Zero Discount Rates in Climate Policy

A high-scoring sample essay with the plan behind it, the vocabulary that lifts it, and what the scoring traits reward.
  • 268 words
  • Opinion (agree or disagree)
  • advanced
  • 20 minutes

The prompt

Discount rates used in climate economic models significantly influence how the costs borne by future generations are weighed against present-day economic interests, with lower rates favoring greater current investment in mitigation. To what extent do you agree that climate policy models should adopt near-zero discount rates to better reflect intergenerational equity?

20 minutes. Write 200 to 300 words. A BandLadder practice prompt, not a recalled exam question.

Opinion (agree or disagree)

Plan before you write

  1. 1

    Position

    I strongly agree that adopting near-zero discount rates is essential to ensure intergenerational equity and prevent catastrophic climate outcomes.

  2. 2

    Paragraph 2

    Near-zero rates prevent the systemic undervaluation of future environmental catastrophes by prioritizing long-term survival over short-term financial gains.

  3. 3

    Paragraph 3

    Lower discount rates incentivize immediate investment in sustainable infrastructure and renewable energy, which are crucial for long-term ecological stability.

  • →State a clear position in the last sentence of the introduction and keep it to the end.
  • →Two body paragraphs that each give one reason for that position, with an example.
  • →A partial position is fine if it is stated precisely; a position that drifts is what caps task response at 6.

Model answer

Sample essay

High-scoring sample268 words. Use the structure and vocabulary, not the sentences: PTE flags memorised templates.

The selection of discount rates in climate economic models remains a contentious issue, as these figures dictate the weight assigned to future welfare. I strongly agree that climate policy models should adopt near-zero discount rates, as this shift is necessary to uphold intergenerational equity and safeguard the planet for future populations.

Traditional economic models often apply high discount rates, which inherently diminish the perceived value of future damages. By prioritising immediate consumption, these models systematically undervalue the catastrophic risks posed by climate change, such as rising sea levels or extreme weather events. Adopting a near-zero discount rate corrects this bias, forcing policymakers to recognise that the health of the biosphere in fifty years is as significant as current economic prosperity. This ethical framework ensures that future generations are not unfairly burdened by the consequences of modern inaction.

Furthermore, lower discount rates provide a robust economic justification for aggressive mitigation strategies. When future costs are not heavily discounted, the long-term benefits of investing in renewable energy and carbon capture technology appear far more attractive. For instance, projects like massive forest restoration or global grid decarbonisation, which may have long payback periods, become financially viable under lower discount rates. This incentivises governments to prioritise sustainable infrastructure today, rather than deferring these investments to a point where the ecological damage may be irreversible.

In conclusion, near-zero discount rates are a vital tool for aligning economic policy with the realities of climate change. By valuing the well-being of future generations equally to our own, we can foster a more sustainable and equitable global economy that avoids the shortsightedness of traditional financial modelling.

Scoring traits

Why this scores well

This essay scores highly by maintaining a sophisticated formal register and using precise economic terminology to develop a clear argument. The most common mistake on this prompt is failing to explain the link between discount rates and intergenerational equity, leading to a superficial response that misses the core technical requirement.

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8 words

Vocabulary from the essay

  • contentious

    causing or likely to cause an argument

  • intergenerational equity

    fairness between people of different age groups

  • undervalue

    to rate something as less important than reality

  • catastrophic

    involving or causing sudden great damage

  • mitigation

    the action of reducing the severity of something

  • decarbonisation

    the process of reducing carbon emissions significantly

  • irreversible

    not able to be undone or altered

  • shortsightedness

    a lack of imagination or long-term planning

See also the Write Essay guide.

Frequently asked questions

How long should a PTE essay be?+

Between 200 and 300 words; outside that range the form score drops to zero. This sample is 268 words, written for the 20-minute limit.

What type of essay is this?+

Opinion (agree or disagree). State a clear position in the last sentence of the introduction and keep it to the end.

What does PTE reward in the essay?+

This essay scores highly by maintaining a sophisticated formal register and using precise economic terminology to develop a clear argument. The most common mistake on this prompt is failing to explain the link between discount rates and intergenerational equity, leading to a superficial response that misses the core technical requirement.

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