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Stages of Natural Indigo Extraction. Stage 1: Harvesting fresh indigofera leaves. Stage 2: Fermenting leaves in water vats. Stage 3: Aerating the liquid to induce oxidation. Stage 4: Settling and collecting indigo paste. Stage 5: Drying paste into solid pigment blocks.
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Annual Textile Dye Production by Source (thousand tonnes). Synthetic Indigo: 1980 20, 1995 45, 2010 70, 2025 85. Plant-derived Indigo: 1980 15, 1995 10, 2010 5, 2025 8.
| 1980 | 1995 | 2010 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synthetic Indigo | 20 | 45 | 70 | 85 |
| Plant-derived Indigo | 15 | 10 | 5 | 8 |
Global Indigo Consumption by End Use (%). Denim Manufacturing 72, Traditional Craft Textiles 14, Medical and Chemical Reagents 9, Printing Inks and Paints 5.
| Category | Value (%) |
|---|---|
| Denim Manufacturing | 72 |
| Traditional Craft Textiles | 14 |
| Medical and Chemical Reagents | 9 |
| Printing Inks and Paints | 5 |
Indigo Vat Performance Under Varying Conditions. Columns: Vat Type, Optimal Temperature, Required pH Level, Reduction Time. Natural Sukumo, 28-32 C, pH 10.5-11.5, 7-10 days. Quick Chemical, 45-50 C, pH 12.0-13.0, 30-45 minutes. Fructose Vat, 35-40 C, pH 9.5-10.5, 2-4 hours. Iron Vat, 20-25 C, pH 8.5-9.5, 1-2 hours.
| Vat Type | Optimal Temperature | Required pH Level | Reduction Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural Sukumo | 28-32 C | pH 10.5-11.5 | 7-10 days |
| Quick Chemical | 45-50 C | pH 12.0-13.0 | 30-45 minutes |
| Fructose Vat | 35-40 C | pH 9.5-10.5 | 2-4 hours |
| Iron Vat | 20-25 C | pH 8.5-9.5 | 1-2 hours |
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