Academic Writing Task 1 · line graph

Trends in rural to urban migration for three selected countries: IELTS Writing Task 1 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 1 line graph question with a Band 8 sample answer, the chart redrawn with its data, the vocabulary that lifts the report and how to write about line graphs.
  • 185 words
  • Line graphs
  • Academic
  • 20 minutes

The question

The chart below shows the movement of people from rural to urban areas in three countries and predictions for future years.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

People moving from rural to urban areas (millions)
020406080100200020052010201520202025
  • Iran
  • Indonesia
  • Russia
View the data
200020052010201520202025
Iran7935507695
Indonesia101520253030
Russia153043707887

Chart redrawn by BandLadder from the data in the original IELTS practice task. Many IELTS practice tasks come from the Cambridge IELTS series (Cambridge University Press & Assessment); all rights in the original tasks remain with their owners.

Model answer

Band 8 sample answer

Band 8185 words. Every figure in the answer comes from the chart above.

The line graph illustrates the number of people migrating from rural to urban areas in Iran, Indonesia, and Russia between 2000 and 2025. Overall, it is clear that all three nations experienced growth in urban migration, with Iran and Russia showing the most dramatic increases, while Indonesia’s growth remained relatively modest.

In 2000, Russia had the highest number of people moving to urban areas at 15 million, followed by Indonesia at 10 million and Iran at 7 million. By 2015, Russia’s figures surged to 70 million, significantly outpacing the others. Iran also saw a sharp rise, climbing from 9 million in 2005 to 50 million in 2015. In contrast, Indonesia’s growth was steady, reaching 25 million by 2015.

Looking at the projections for 2025, Iran is expected to reach 95 million, overtaking Russia, which is predicted to reach 87 million. Indonesia, however, shows a plateauing trend, remaining constant at 30 million from 2020 to 2025. While Russia maintained a lead for the majority of the period, Iran’s rapid acceleration after 2005 marks it as the country with the most significant shift in urban migration patterns.

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Line graphs

How to write about line graphs: tips and vocabulary

  • →Overview first: the overall direction of each line and which was highest.
  • →Group lines that move together instead of describing each one in turn.
  • →Give the start and end figures plus the peak or low point, not every value.
  • surged

    increased very quickly and by a large amount

  • plateauing

    reaching a state of little or no change

  • outpacing

    growing or moving faster than someone or something

  • modest

    relatively moderate or limited in size or amount

  • acceleration

    a process of becoming faster or more frequent

  • projections

    estimates or forecasts of a future situation

Frequently asked questions

What should the overview say?+

While Russia and Iran show significant upward trends in urban migration, Indonesia experiences a much more gradual increase that levels off by 2020.

How many words and how long for IELTS Writing Task 1?+

At least 150 words; 170 to 200 is the safe range. Spend about 20 minutes on it and leave 40 for Task 2, which carries twice the marks.

How is IELTS Writing Task 1 scored?+

On four criteria: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. A clear overview of the main features is what most separates Band 6 from Band 7 and above.

How do I describe line graphs?+

Overview first: the overall direction of each line and which was highest. Group lines that move together instead of describing each one in turn. Give the start and end figures plus the peak or low point, not every value.

Keep practising

More line graphs

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