Academic Writing Task 1 · bar chart

Expenditure shares across five categories in four nations during 2009: IELTS Writing Task 1 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 1 bar chart question with a Band 8 sample answer, the chart redrawn with its data, the vocabulary that lifts the report and how to write about bar charts.
  • 199 words
  • Bar charts
  • Academic
  • 20 minutes

The question

The bar chart below shows shares of expenditures for five major categories in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan in the year 2009.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Shares of expenditures for selected categories, United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Japan, 2009 (%)
01020304050FoodHousingTransportationHealth careClothing
  • United States
  • Canada
  • United Kingdom
  • Japan
View the data
FoodHousingTransportationHealth careClothing
United States142617.574
Canada1521204.26
United Kingdom2024151.55.5
Japan2322104.24.2

Chart redrawn by BandLadder from the data in the original IELTS practice task. Many IELTS practice tasks come from the Cambridge IELTS series (Cambridge University Press & Assessment); all rights in the original tasks remain with their owners.

Model answer

Band 8 sample answer

Band 8199 words. Every figure in the answer comes from the chart above.

The bar chart illustrates the percentage of total expenditure allocated to five distinct categories—food, housing, transportation, health care, and clothing—across the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan in 2009.

Overall, housing emerged as the primary expense for all four countries, whereas health care and clothing consistently accounted for the lowest shares of spending. Notably, the United States recorded the highest expenditure on housing, while Japan allocated the largest proportion of its budget to food.

Regarding housing, the United States led at 26%, followed by the United Kingdom at 24%, Japan at 22%, and Canada at 21%. Conversely, in the food category, Japan spent the most at 23%, followed by the United Kingdom at 20%, Canada at 15%, and the United States at 14%. Transportation costs were highest in Canada at 20%, followed by the United States at 17.5%, the United Kingdom at 15%, and Japan at 10%.

In terms of health care, the United States stood out with a 7% share, significantly higher than Canada and Japan, which both stood at 4.2%, and the United Kingdom at 1.5%. Finally, clothing expenditure was relatively uniform, ranging from 4% in the United States and Japan to 6% in Canada.

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Bar charts

How to write about bar charts: tips and vocabulary

  • →Compare the biggest and smallest bars before anything else.
  • →If the bars show years, describe change; if they show places, describe rank.
  • →Round sensibly and say 'just over' or 'nearly' rather than guessing decimals.
  • allocated

    distributed or assigned for a particular purpose

  • emerged

    became apparent or prominent as a result

  • proportion

    a part, share, or number considered in comparative relation

  • conversely

    introducing a statement that reverses a previous one

  • uniform

    remaining the same in all cases and at all times

  • accounted for

    constituted a particular amount or portion of a total

Frequently asked questions

What should the overview say?+

Housing was generally the most significant expenditure across all nations, while health care and clothing consistently represented the smallest proportions of total spending.

How many words and how long for IELTS Writing Task 1?+

At least 150 words; 170 to 200 is the safe range. Spend about 20 minutes on it and leave 40 for Task 2, which carries twice the marks.

How is IELTS Writing Task 1 scored?+

On four criteria: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. A clear overview of the main features is what most separates Band 6 from Band 7 and above.

How do I describe bar charts?+

Compare the biggest and smallest bars before anything else. If the bars show years, describe change; if they show places, describe rank. Round sensibly and say 'just over' or 'nearly' rather than guessing decimals.

Keep practising

More bar charts

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